01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly with butter or cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together flour, granulated sugar, salt, baking powder, and baking soda until uniformly blended.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk sourdough starter, eggs, melted butter, whole milk, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
04 - Pour wet mixture into dry ingredients. Fold gently with a spatula just until combined—batter should remain slightly lumpy. Do not overmix.
05 - Gently fold blueberries and lemon zest (if using) into batter, taking care not to crush the berries.
06 - Divide batter evenly among prepared muffin cups, filling each approximately three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes until tops are golden brown and a wooden toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
08 - Let muffins cool in pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to wire rack to cool completely before serving.